Hello gegjr,
I'm Jin, a fellow Windows 10 user and an independent advisor. I can see that you are getting an error 0x800f0831 when updating KB4556799.
Since you have already tried running DISM, check if by clearing the cache and manually downloading the update will help you.
1. Restart computer and boot up in Safe Mode. To boot to safe mode:
https://support.microsoft.com/help/12376/
2. In Safe Mode, Run command prompt as Administrator.
3. Type: net stop wuauserv and hit Enter.
4. Type: net stop cryptsvc and hit Enter.
5. Open file explorer and go to C:\Windows and find SoftwareDistribution and delete this folder.
6. Go back to command prompt and type: net start wuauserv and hit Enter
7. Type: net start cryptsvc and hit Enter.
8. Restart your computer.
https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search...
Select the exact update to download and install.
If this doesn't work, try updating using the Media Creation Tool:
https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/win...
1. Click the "Download tool now" button.
2. Once downloaded run the MediaCreationTool1909.exe file.
3. Accept the terms.
4. Select Upgrade this PC, then hit Next.
5. Proceed with the prompts.
I hope this helps.