What is the best way to divide my document into quadrents?

If you select the entire table, then the preview in the Borders dialog will show buttons for the Inside Horizontal Border and Inside Vertical Border as well as the outside borders. Those are the ones you want. Select 3 points as the weight and then click on those buttons in the preview.

Alternatively, you can do the same thing from the Ribbon. With the table selected, choose 3 points as the weight in the Draw Borders group, then click to open the Borders menu and click first on Inside Horizontal Border and then Inside Vertical Border.

The trick in either case is that you have to select the weight before applying the border to the table.

I think my inclination in this case would be to use the header for the two top cells, and probably it would be easiest to make that a two-cell table. Anchor a text box to the header for the information that would be effectively in the left margin (that is, the lower left quadrant), and then use the entire document body for the actual résumé. Use drawing lines, one at the top margin (across the page) and one at the left margin (from top to bottom of the page) to delineate the four quadrants.

If you anchor the drawing lines to the header as well, then they'll repeat on a second page if necessary. Doing it this way, you can let your résumé flow naturally to the next page if necessary. If you want a different header/margin on the second page, then you can put the one described in the First Page Header and make the primary Header different. That could allow for a smaller top margin on the second page, with the horizontal line higher accordingly.

For tips on working with two headers this way, see the section on letterhead for more than one page at http://sbarnhill.mvps.org/WordFAQs/Letterhead.htm.