Hi Ross,
Based on the description “Microsoft Teams tabs are missing yet they are still accessible on different devices”, issue most likely to client side. May I know whether this issue happen on both using Teams desktop and Teams web client on your device?
If you are using Teams desktop client, please use the Teams web client to check this issue.
Does this issue happen with every channels or specific Teams channel?
You may try create a new Windows user account and performing a clean install the latest Teams desktop application program to check this issue.
Moreover, please provide us with detailed screenshot about the issue via the private message for further analysis.
Best regards,
Shyamal