Windows 10 Error code: -2147023278

Recommend you clear the malware issue and see if that (hopefully) eliminates the error code.

Any browser extensions that need to be disabled/removed?

You may want to scan with the Emsisoft Emergency Kit (a free program): http://blog.emsisoft.com/2015/06/09/how-to-find-and-clean-malware-infections-with-emsisoft-emergency-kit/  If necessary boot into Safe Mode with Networking to download the scanner or use another computer, put the EEK file on a flash drive and insert the flash drive in the infected computer...you can run the scanner from the flash drive.  Other scanners that may help with this issue are listed in List of Malware Removal Tools

For issues with popups while using Edge see the Answer of GreginMich dated June 20, 2016: http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/protect/forum/protect_other-protect_scanning/1-888-2361-scam/0990122e-61a9-431b-947e-a904c202fa7c   More detailed information on this issue may be found in the January 2, 2017 Answer of  GreginMich in  https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/protect/forum/protect_defender-protect_scanning/microsoft-virus/5335f80f-4cfc-49e0-bbcf-8f575730779a.

For issues with Google Chrome see How to stop unwanted pop-ups or homepage changes in Chrome, and How to reset Google Chrome settings. You may want to use https://www.google.com/chrome/cleanup-tool/

 
If the issue continues suggest follow the steps in https://malwaretips.com/blogs/ads-by-savingscool-removal/

Note that you may need to reset your browsers: 

https://malwaretips.com/blogs/reset-internet-explorer-settings/

https://malwaretips.com/blogs/reset-chrome-settings/

https://malwaretips.com/blogs/reset-firefox-settings/

http://www.howtogeek.com/237527/how-to-reset-microsoft-edge-in-windows-10/

Remember that Defender should automatically update every 24 hrs. If you continue to receive the error message while trying to update Defender see Troubleshoot Windows Defender Update Issues in Windows 10

Regards... 

http://blog.emsisoft.com/2015/01/27/top-10-ways-pups-sneak-onto-your-computer-and-how-to-avoid-them/