This has to be the most ridiculous update failure that I have ever encountered.
But I have found the solution.
I had moved around some links to some built-in Windows utilities in the Start Menu.
such as:
- Windows Speech Recorder
- Windows Journal
- Character Map
In another thread (see turkeytrots reply above), I read that running
the command "sfc /scannow" in an admin command prompt should fix the issue
and would allow the update to be installed properly afterwards.
And indeed that fixed the update failures.
But what did it repair?
Of course, there was not much "system file corruption", as I have just recently installed
Windows 10 and have not messed around with its protected system files.
But as I like my Start Menu nice and clean, I had moved some of the links in the Start Menu
into different folders.
While reading the "changed files list" in the release notes of KB3081455,
I noticed that this update is supposed to change the following file: "Windows journal.lnk".
My suspicion was that the update might fail because
I had moved that link in the Start Menu into another folder (see above).
Thus, the update would be unable to find that file.
After applying the "sfc /scannow" command, only some measly 3 files were repaired:
Windows Speech Recorder.lnk
Windows Journal.lnk
Character Map.lnk
Everything else was fine as expected (remember, it's a pretty fresh installation of Win10).
You can verify that by using the following command in admin command prompt:
findstr /c:”[SR]” %windir%\logs\cbs\cbs.log >sfcdetails.txt
Then have a look at the sfcdetails text that was just created in your current folder
and see for yourself what has just been "repaired". It won't be many files ;)
(Note: All SFC entries in the logfile start with "[SR]" and the above mentioned
command skims the log file so that only the relevant entries will be written into the new text file
for you to look at ;))
After that, the update completed successfully without a hitch :)
Bottom line: Allowing a major OS update to fail just because some links to some Windows utilities
had been moved around in the Start Menu before is simply ... absolutely ... pathetic to the extreme :(