Hi Aaron,
Thank you for posting your query in Microsoft Community Forums.
If I understand you correctly, you receive error message on the start-up and you are unable to boot into desktop on
Windows 7 computer.
I understand it must be frustrating, but rest assured, we are here to help you and guide you in the right direction.
I would really appreciate if you can help me with the following information.
-Did you make any changes on the computer prior to this issue?
To avoid this inconvenience in future, I would suggest you to try these methods and check.
Method 1
Disconnect all the external devices (printers, scanner, USB (universal serial bus) drives, etc...) Except mouse and the keyboard and then boot up.
If this fixes the issue, then add the devices back one at a time until you discover the piece of hardware causing the issue. Then update latest driver for that particular
device.
Method 2
If issue persists, I would suggest you to perform a startup repair and check if it makes any difference.
Startup Repair: frequently asked questions
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/Startup-Repair-frequently-asked-questions
What are the system recovery options in Windows 7?
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/What-are-the-system-recovery-options-in-Windows-7
In addition, you can do a System Restore from Windows Recovery Consol.
Hope it helps.
Keep us posted if you face any issues on Windows in future. We will be glad to help you.