I've been having this problem as well, I'm on build 10.0.15063.447 and I've tried the following:
- Running SFC /scannow - No integrity violations found
- Running the Windows Update Troubleshooter - Found and fixed issues... Windows Update still doesn't work even after a reboot
- Running the WuReset script mentioned in another thread - Runs through the entire script, reboot the computer and... you guessed it Windows Update still doesn't work.
The error code mentions something to do with WSUS servers when looking it up online but my Surface Pro 4 has never been connected to a network that has a WSUS server.
My only option now is a complete format and reinstall of Windows to see if that fixes the problem, something that I really do NOT want to do.