Hello Desiree,
Thanks for taking an interest in our problem.
Since Steve says his problem is the same as mine, I assume I can reply for both of us.
In any case, my problem is still there and here is some more information.
The Error dialog is shown after login. It pops up even if you do nothing at all after logging in.
When booting into safe mode, the Error dialog did not show, (but I note real-time anti-virus protection is unavailable in safe mode).
When performing a clean boot (all non-Microsoft services disabled), the Error dialog popped up just the same as before.
I tried an advanced reboot option that, from memory, was called something like "disable early start anti-malware protection". The Error dialog still popped up.
The problem is only there if I login immediately after reboot. If I leave the PC for a few minutes after a reset before logging in (just showing a very nice picture of some giraffes at the moment) then the Error dialog does not show.
While the Error Dialog is shown, its entry in the Taskbar shows the Windows Defender icon.
When the Error Dialog has popped up, the Windows Defender icon does not appear in the system tray until I manually start Windows Defender from the Start menu.
So this error does look like something to do with Defender is failing to start properly, which is worrying.
The most unusual things about my system are that it has 2 monitors and 3 HDDs, but I think that's common these days?
Any more suggestions?