No fix found. Whenever I power-cycle, then after the first logon I get that same error.
Fortunately I rarely power-cycle and it seems not to happen after sleep.
Whenever I see the error I click OK to close the error dialog and then manually start the Defender desktop app just to check it is working.
Interestingly, I did this just now and the first time it showed the same error dialog.
I closed the new error dialog and tried again and Defender started OK (the UI came up and now after closing that window the Defender Icon is in the System Tray)
So it seems to be timing related. Once the PC has started up and settled down all is OK, but if Defender tries to start too soon it fails. Well, it looks like that from the results of one test anyway!
I'm ignoring it, but wish someone would find a fix.
Good luck.