Hi Fryee. I'm Greg, an installation specialist and 9 year Windows MVP, here to help you.
1) There is a new guided walk-through from Microsoft for repairing Windows Update that leads up to resetting components if necessary:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/10164/.... Try running that first.
2) If that fails try manually resetting Windows Update Service:
Open administrative Command Prompt and type following commands one-by-one followed by Enter key.
net stop wuauserv
net stop cryptSvc
net stop bits
net stop msiserver
Ren C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
Ren C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 Catroot2.old
net start wuauserv
net start cryptSvc
net start bits
net start msiserver
Close Command Prompt and see if Windows Updates works then
3) You can also install the Updates manually that fail to install which are logged at Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update > Installed Update History, and then search for those to download and install from this Catalog:
http://test.catalog.update.microsoft.com/v7/sit...
4) If they continue to fail and interfere, then you can block them using one of these methods:
https://www.howtogeek.com/224471/how-to-prevent...
5) What I'd do at this point if you haven't yet is install latest Version 1803 by installing Media Creation Tool from this link and choose Upgrade This PC Now:
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-10/m...
This is the most stable way to change to the newer version and because it reinstalls WIndows while keeping your files and programs in place, fixes most problems. It also brings all Windows Updates to date.
If there are any hurdles during install then these steps can overcome them:
http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wiki...
6) If there are other performance issues with the install you can also go over this checklist to make sure the install is set up correctly, optimized for best performance, and any needed repairs get done:
http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wiki...
Start with Step 4 to turn off Startup freeloaders which can conflict and cause issues like this, then Step 7 to check for infection the most thorough way, then step 10 to check for damaged System Files. Then continue with the other steps to go over your install most thoroughly.
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But remember that in Windows 10 everything depends upon the quality of the install, and Factory or Upgrade installs are inferior installs which most enthusiasts won't even run because they'd expect endless issues. Consider now or later doing the Clean Install in this link which compiles the best possible install that will stay that way as long as you stick with the tools and methods given:
http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wiki...
There is also an automated Fresh Start that reinstalls WIndows while shedding corrupting factory bloatware, saves your files, but doesn't clear the drive to get it cleanest:
https://www.howtogeek.com/265054/how-to-easily-...
I hope this helps. Feel free to ask back any questions and let us know how it goes. I will keep working with you until it's resolved.
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Standard Disclaimer: There are links to non-Microsoft websites. The pages appear to be providing accurate, safe information. Watch out for ads on the sites that may advertise products frequently classified as a PUP (Potentially Unwanted Products). Thoroughly research any product advertised on the sites before you decide to download and install it.
