Is your iPhone recognized on Device Manager?
1-Right-click on Start then click on Device Manager
2-Connect your iPhone to your computer
3-Check if it is recognized under "Portable devices"
4-If is recognized, right-click on that and click on properties. Then check in the "Device Status" to see if there is any error code
5-If is recognized and doesn't have any error code, right-click on that and select "Update driver" then click to update the driver using the Windows Update
If the problem persists, here are other troubleshooting that you can try to fix this problem.
Solution 1: Reset the trusted devices on your iPhone
1-Go to Settings, then tap General.
2-Tap Transfer or Reset [Device].
3-Tap Reset, then tap Reset Location & Privacy.
4-Disconnect and reconnect your iPhone and check if the "Trust device" message is shown
Solution 2: If you have any third-party antivirus temporarily and then reconnect your iPhone
Solution 3: Check if you have the latest version of iTunes
1-Open iTunes
2- Go to Choose Help > Check for Updates
Solution 4: If you have installed iTunes through Microsoft Store, you can use this procedure to update
1-Open the Microsoft Store
2-Click on Library
3-Click on "Get Updates" then click on "Install updates"
Solution 5: Restart your iPhone and then reconnect it to your computer. You can see how to do it at this link.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/118259
Solution 6: Check if there are any pending updates to your iPhone. You can see how to do it at this link.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204204
If all these procedures above fail and the problem persists, you will need to contact Apple support, they will be able to help you identify what is causing the problem and guide you on how to fix it. You can see at this link how to contact Apple support.
https://getsupport.apple.com/solutions
Note: These are non-Microsoft websites. The page appears to be providing accurate, safe information. Watch out for ads on the site that may advertise products frequently classified as a PUP (Potentially Unwanted Products). Thoroughly research any product advertised on the site before you decide to download and install it.