Hi Scott Doran,
Thanks for your post in Microsoft Community.
In your description, your computer has a blue screen of death and is currently unable to run Windows properly.
I note that you have tried Safe Mode and attempted to reinstall Windows using an external USB drive, and appreciate your efforts and attempts to resolve this issue, I do understand the frustration and chagrin of not being able to get your computer into Windows.
We have determined that this may be a hardware failure on your computer that has triggered a blue screen of death along with the inability to install Windows.
To confirm this, we can see if we can successfully install Windows by making some adjustments during the reinstallation of Windows. This rules out a hardware failure.
What method did you use to create the system installation media when using the USB drive? Is it using the Media creation tool provided by Microsoft?
If not, please try to recreate the system installation media using the Media creation tool.
In addition, an error in the USB drive where the system installation media is located may also cause this problem. If possible, you can try to use another USB drive to recreate the system installation media to see if the same problem exists.
If the problem still exists, then this could also be a BIOS/UEFI setup error, please try to reset or update the BIOS/UEFI setup under the guidance of the motherboard manual or the device manufacturer's official website, and then try to reinstall Windows again to see if the same problem exists.
For the steps to install Windows, you can refer to the link below.
How to: Perform a Custom Installation of Windows 11 and Windows 10 or - Microsoft Community
Disclaimer: At this point, we have exhausted all troubleshooting and I recommend that we try to perform a clean install to get your computer back into a working condition. Please ensure that you backup any important data, including Documents, Pictures, Videos, and more.
Please let me know the results of your attempts, and we will use your results to further determine the problem for you.
If there are some problems or errors during the attempt, please take screenshots or pictures of them and provide them to me.
Thank you for your understanding and support.
Best regards,
Zev - MSFT | Microsoft Community Support Specialist