Hello , Lson5
Welcome to Microsoft Community and appreciate your time taken for sharing detailed information. I know it is annoying when you can't move a message to another folder, especially when this issue lasts for so long.
There are various reasons for such an error to occur. You can try the following methods (please click the link to view the specific steps)
1. Write an email, save it as a draft, and wait a few minutes before sending the email, or close Outlook and reopen it in a few minutes.
2. Use Word or NotePad to write email. Copy the email content and paste it to Outlook.
3. Restore all the emails in deleted items to the inbox.
4. Uncheck When a reply modifies a message, don’t move the original (This option is under File > Options > Mail > Conversational Clean Up) and click OK on the bottom to save the settings. Or simply uncheck all options under Conversational Clean Up and click OK.
5. Check Automatically save items that have not been sent after this many minutes (This option is under File > Options > Mail > Save messages), set a time on the right, and click OK.
6. Check your Outlook version. If it is not the latest version, update to the latest version first.
7. Run Outlook in Safe Mode.
8. Repair Outlook.
9. Disable email scanning in your antivirus software.
10. Download and run the Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant and follow the prompts to resolve the issue.
11. Re-install your Outlook.
Feel free to post back if you have any additional questions.
Best Regard,
Yuhao Li| Microsoft Community Support Specialist