Hi Steve,
Welcome to Microsoft Community and thank you for posting the question. As I understand Outlook crashes while opening normally but opens fine in safe mode.
This issue might have occurred due to non-Microsoft program conflicting with Office application, due to add-ins, issues with navigation pane etc.
I would like to ask few questions on the issue:
1. How did you disable add-ins from Outlook?
2. Do you have any plugin or add-in (ABBYY PDF Transformer) installed for Outlook?
Start the computer in clean boot open Outlook and check if Outlook works fine.
Note: Clean boot is performed to disable all startup programs and 3rd party services on the machine and check if they are conflicting with the Office program.
Refer to the article mentioned to start the computer in clean boot mode.
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/929135
Note: After completing the troubleshooting steps ensure to restart the computer in normal mode which is explained in the same article.
If Outlook works fine in clean boot, refer the complete article to perform advanced clean boot and find out which program is causing conflict.
Once the problem product is found, contact the appropriate technical support team to update the program.
You may also refer to the links mentioned which discusses about the similar issue:
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/officeitpropreview/thread/c52f62e0-0d74-4285-97b4-a83e4e2fb9c6
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2632425
Note: The above link is applicable to Outlook 2013 too.
I hope the above suggestion helps. If you need any further assistance reply and we will be glad to assist you.
Thank you.