Hi Ryan,
Thank you for the post amid with the detail explanation.
Would you please tell us a little bit you opened the teams link from the outlook client or other resources?
From your description, when you click the link, the teams app won't start or immediately shut down? It will be great if you share your scenario.
If it works from earlier, for current, we would like to first try right click the link, and copy this URL to the internet browser. If you have the teams client, the website shall let you choose if open with the Teams app. Let me know your test results from this results or if it is the accepted workaround.
Back to outlook client, make sure the teams meeting add-in is checked or you could unchecked and check again:
At outlook client, File, Option, Mange COM add-ins, Go:
Once you checked that option, close your outlook and restart it, then click the Teams invitation link.
Please let me know if above steps helps to some extent, appreciate it.
Yours Sincerely,
George
