Hello G-wiz1,
As far as I know, in Teams customer can change message font size when chatting:
Change message font size in Teams (there’re three options: small, medium, and large)
From your description, if you’d like to change font display size in Teams app, since it doesn’t have built-ins feature to change display font size, you may try Zoom feature to see if this
workaround can satisfy your needs:

You may also try to change OS resolution and scale settings, like in Windows, change Scale and layout in Windows Display settings, or in Windows Ease of Access settings. This way will affect
entire OS environment.
Moreover, for display font size, if you’re not satisfied with above workaround, I’d like to recommend you posting a feedback in
Teams UserVoice. This’s a public platform to let customers share any advices and suggestions to the product. Your time and understanding will be greatly appreciated.
With many thanks,
Anna