I have used Outlook for over 10 years to manage my email accounts. I have also had to deal with this same problem of Outlook freezing on send-receive for 10 years. I have opened multiple cases with Microsoft as an MSDN member on this problem, and explored
varous solutions in detail. All "solutions" offered by Microsoft have been just work-rounds.
I am working in Windows 10 pro, anniversary version with Outlook 2016, and with Windows 7 enterprise and Outlook 2013. I have made this problem more manageable by disabling all automatic send-receive, and I use manual send-receive so I can control when
the problem occurs when I have time to manage it.
I am not using an exchange account, but my configuration probably stresses out Outlook more than most. From the late 1990's to the present the number of different email addresses I manage with outlook has varried from about 30 to about 70. Until 2007
or 2010 (I forget) version I had so many email accounts that Outlook was unable to display them all in the send-receive list because the capacity was not that great - at least that problem seems mostly solved. All my email accounts are pop3 accounts, and
cover the full gamut of email providers.
The problem used to be much worse; the solution to a send-receive freeze that worked before Outlook 2010 was to delete Outlook configuration files and restart. At least now the solution is just to delete the Outlook process and restart Outlook 2016. Same
solution worked for me in Outlook 2013 and I think in Outlook 2010 - although that was a long time ago and I've forgotten when it was no longer necessary to delete and recreate configuration files.
My experience has been that Outlook send-receive will be working in send-receive mode and will process correctly 10-30 email accounts, then freeze. The freeze appears to correspond with some communication problem Outlook is having with one of the email
accounts. Sometimes an error is generated, but sometimes not. A distinguishing feature of this problem that corresponds exactly is that Outlook process is STILL RUNNING even when I cancel the send-receive process and then exit Outlook. But after I cancel
the Outlook process in task-manager, Outlook (2013 and) 2016 will start up just fine (In the past before Outlook 2007 or 2010 Outlook would sometimes try to repair the pst file on startup, but that problem doesn't happen anymore).
The interesting thing is that after I restart Outlook 2016 (or 2013) and rerun send-receive the problem may recur but it will usually freeze at a different email account each time. If the freeze is on a particular same email account each time, then logging
in directly in a browser to that account and fixing it will almost always fix the problem (for example when Microsoft updates Outlook.com and turns off POP3, then if I re-enable it the problem is fixed).
Because I manage multiple email accounts, it is clear that Outlook is working fine and the problem is always communication with a particular email account. It seems to me that in these situations the Outlook process gets locked in to managing that communication
and even trying to cancel send-receive and exiting Outlook does not disengage Outlook from the lock-in.
I am open to comments and suggestions, but I have basically given up on this. IMO there are some programming/design errors in Outlook that are causing this problem, and I don't believe it has anything to do with settings or add-ins.