I posted this question originally on 4.17.18 and received an answer, which at that time, did not work. I just revisited the post, followed the steps for a resolution, and it worked. I would have posted there, but that post has been closed. Here is my original question and here are the steps that worked for me:
Question: I often work on documents for friends in a folder they have shared with me on their OneDrive account. Rather than going each time to my https://onedrive.live.com/ account, browsing to their shared folder and desired file, and then open the file in Word 2016, I want a direct shortcut to that shared file. In this case, their shared folders and files are not added to my local OneDrive folder--don't want that--I just want a shortcut to open a file occasionally. I know I can pin the folder by right-clicking the Word icon in the taskbar for the open file and pin it, but I don't want to do that either since I only use these files occasionally.
Answer: Go to https://onedrive.live.com/ and log in under your account. Browse to the desired file online in OneDrive shared folder, check it to select it, mouse over the Share icon, Share. In the Send Link dialog, verify that Anyone with the link can edit is checked, Copy Link, Close.
WIN+M to display the Windows Desktop. Right-click the Windows Desktop, New, Shortcut; In the Typethe location of the item, Browse; browse to the executable winword.exe file on your PC--in my PC, this is the path C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\root\Office16\WINWORD.EXE”, OK; note that exact path is entered in the Type the location of the item box surrounded in quotes:
Click after the closing quote for that path, SPACE 1 time, type quotes,
CTRL+V to paste the path you copied previously via onedrive.live.com to the desired shared file, type quotes at the end of that pasted path.
Here's an example of my complete shortcut path (I substituted "x" randomly in the target file name path example for privacy:
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\root\Office16\WINWORD.EXE" “https://1drv.ms/w/s!xxxxxxxx?e=xxxB44”
Next. Type a descriptive name for this shortcut, Finish. A Word icon will display and open the shared target file in Word.