Hi Ellen,
Thank you for posting your query in our community.
Per your description, you want to adjust the width of the columns in a Likert section in Forms.
As far as we know, there is no out of box way to meet your requirment. We do understand the inconvenience caused and apologize for it.
Given this situation, we recommend that you submit requirement for this feature in this MS Forms UserVoice and many members who has the same requirement with you will vote it in the future.
Your understanding will be highly appreciated.
Best regards,
Jazlyn